One of the most devastating neurodegenerative disorders, multiple sclerosis, affects over 400,000 people in the U.S. and 2.3 million worldwide. Although there is a great deal of research, the cause is still unknown and medications may help to manage some symptoms, but may carry negative side effects. Experts have been looking into the effectiveness of CBD for multiple sclerosis and have found some encouraging results.
Snapshot of Multiple Sclerosis
Multiple sclerosis is a chronic and progressive inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system that affects the ways nerves work. While symptoms vary among people diagnosed with MS, the most common include:
- Pain
- Muscle spasticity
- Inflammation
- Fatigue
- Depression
- Weakness
- Numbness and tingling sensations
- Stiffness
- Difficulty walking or maintaining balance
- Dizziness and vertigo
- Memory and other cognitive issues
- Changes in hearing and vision
Any combination of these symptoms along with their frequency and severity can lead to a decline in functionality, independence and quality of life.
While the exact cause is unknown, MS develops as a result of the immune system attacking itself. Specifically, the body attacks myelin, the fatty tissue surrounding and protecting the nerve fibers. When this occurs, there is a disturbance in communication between the brain and the rest of the body.
Who Is at Risk?
Multiple sclerosis is usually diagnosed earlier in life, between the ages of 20 and 40. The disorder is more common in women than men and the ratio between the two is 3-4 women for every 1 man. While the disease is not genetic in nature, having immediate family members with MS increases risk. Other risk factors include:
- Living in northern regions around the world
- Obesity
- Smoking
- Certain autoimmune disorders (type 1 diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis)
- Certain infections (Epstein-Barr virus and human herpes virus 6
How Is MS Treated?
Traditionally, treatment for multiple sclerosis focuses on speeding up recovery time from attacks, slowing down progression, managing symptoms and improving quality of life. Current methods of treating attacks include corticosteroids to reduce nerve inflammation and plasma exchange when there is a poor response to steroids.
Some treatments used to slow down the progression of the disease include the use of beta interferons, which reduce the frequency and severity of attacks and glatiramer, which is used to stop the body’s attack on myelin.
Other medications are used but come with negative side effects including infections, headaches, high blood pressure, liver damage, hair loss, heart problems, and blurred vision. Psychiatric medications are also used to help manage depression, anxiety and fatigue.
Nonmedication treatments include:
- Physical therapy
- Rest and relaxation
- Mindfulness
- Stress management
- Exercise
- Nutrition
- Yoga
- Massage therapy
- Prayer and meditation
Emotional and social support are critical for people diagnosed with multiple sclerosis. While medications and lifestyle modifications may better manage symptoms, being connected to family, friends, healthcare providers and spiritual leaders in the community can bring great comfort and support. Joining support groups, engaging in daily routines, engaging in meaningful activities and hobbies and being in a close relationship with someone are also helpful.
CBD and MS: What We Know from Research
In 2007, researchers from the UK tested the efficacy, safety and tolerability of an oral spray containing THC and CBD and found that it was effective in treating painful spasticity. Another team found that it was also effective for neuropathic pain.
A research team from Madrid found that CBD had long-lasting protection against inflammation, provided immunoregulatory effects, improved motor or movement deficits, and had neuroinflammatory benefits.
In the U.S., investigators found that CBD was useful in treating spasticity, pain, inflammation, fatigue and depression and with no side effects or serious interactions when combined with other medications.
Another study revealed that an oromucosal spray containing both THC and CBD was effective in treating MS-related spasticity, stiffness, pain, spasms, and improved overall comfort.
Final Thoughts on CBD and Multiple Sclerosis
Multiple sclerosis is a chronic and progressive disease of the central nervous system that causes a myriad of symptoms that can decrease a person’s quality of life. Many people with MS experience negative symptoms including pain, inflammation, depression, bowel and bladder problems and sexual dysfunction. While there are a number of medical and nonmedical treatments, over the past couple decades experts have been looking at the positive results of CBD for MS-related symptoms. It is hoped that one day, THC, CBD or a combination of both may help people live a more independent and pain-free life with MS.