Bone loss is a part of the normal aging process. Acceleration of loss in bone mass coincides with a decline in estrogen among females and testosterone, although at a slower pace, for men. Research has identified an important relationship between the body’s endocannabinoid system and bone biology. Specifically, this system influences bone formation, mass and structure. Because older adults are at increased risk of osteoporosis and other musculoskeletal disorders, CBD may be beneficial in maintaining bone health.
The Endocannabinoid System and Bone Health
Researchers from Colorado and Pennsylvania have found that the “endocannabinoid system is involved in bone metabolism” and this “emerged from experimental observations that linked the CNS via endocannabinoids to regulation of bone growth”1. Cannabinoid receptor CB2 is highly expressed in bone cells (CB1 is as well, but to a lesser extent), and this has a direct influence on the health of the skeleton. Two other molecules present in the endocannabinoid system, anandamide and 2-AG, are present in the bone microenvironment.
Results from In Vitro and Animal Studies
While human studies on CBD, the endocannabinoid system and bone health are lacking, there is a good deal of evidence from in vitro and animal research. Such studies report that CBD’s influence on the endocannabinoid system leads to:
- Increased porous bone
- Increased bone mass
- Increased bone absorption
- Decreased bone mass
- Increased bone strength
- Increased cortical bone
Cannabinoids given to mice with age- and trauma-related osteoarthritis of the knee resulted in a reduction in damage to the joints. Similarly, rats who were given CBD for bone related problems, showed enhanced fracture healing and reduced bone loss.
Drug Targeting of the Endocannabinoid System
While there exists a plethora of prescription, over-the -counter and alternative treatments for bone conditions, CBD and other phytocannabinoids are being viewed as a serious pharmacological solution for improving bone health. CBD is already known to have anti-inflammatory effects, for instance, on inflammatory arthritis, by cross-talking to numerous bioavailable targets in the endocannabinoid system and throughout the body.
Final Thoughts on CBD and Bone Health
Is it possible that a new and effective way to prevent or treat bone disorders lies within the endocannabinoid system? More time and research will tell. What is currently know is that CBD and other phytocannabinoids go to work acting as keys that open up various channels in the endocannabinoid system allowing them to work better to reduce inflammation and pain, including the various types associated with osteoarthritis and other musculoskeletal disorders.
1Ehrenkranz, Joel and Michael A. Levine. 2019. Bones and Joints: The Effects of Cannabinoids on the Skeleton”. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. 104(10):4683-4694.